After discussing your project aims and research questions, analysis of your pottery can begin at our Bristol laboratories. Our technicians carefully clean each sherd and take a small sample (around 2 grams) for analysis. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes, and other organic residues) are extracted using specialised techniques. We then screen these extracts to assess the types and amounts of residues present. 

Based on these initial results, selected samples undergo more detailed analysis to identify the specific molecules present. This allows us to build a molecular and isotopic fingerprint of the residues and determine their likely origins, such as animal fats, dairy products, plant waxes or resins. We also investigate evidence for the presence of fish and other marine or freshwater products, through the detection of characteristic biomarkers.  

Our analyses can reveal evidence for a wide range of activities and, in some cases, the results can show whether vessels were used primarily for dairy processing, whether they contained ruminant animal products such as cattle or sheep, or whether different resources were mixed together. The results provide valuable insights into past diets, food preparation practices, resource use, and cultural traditions. For example, residue analysis has helped archaeologists identify the earliest evidence for dairying, track changing culinary practices through time, and investigate the exploitation of aquatic resources in different environments. 

Once the analysis is complete, we provide a clear report explaining the results and their archaeological significance. We will gladly discuss the findings with you and help you to put them into a wider archaeological context. We can also provide advice and guidance should you wish to publish your results.  
 
Typical turnaround: Projects are usually completed within 12 months of confirmation, although timelines may vary depending on project size and analytical requirements. 

If you are considering a project which would benefit from these techniques, do feel free to contact us at bris-organicresidueanalysis@bristol.ac.uk for no-obligation information regarding current costs and lead times. We can also advise on project design to help address your research questions.

The AHRC RICHeS Access fund is available to support projects for UK-based users.